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Lou Reed Information
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'Lou Reed' (born 'Lewis Allen Firbank' on March 2, 1942 in Brooklyn, New York), is a Jewish rock and roll singer-songwriter. Hailed as the Godfather of Punk, Reed's work (especially with the Velvet Underground) has greatly influenced punk and alternative rock.
Reed first gained prominence as the guitarist and principal singer-songwriter of The Velvet Underground. The band, which lasted from 1965 until 1972 (with Reed departing in late 1970), gained little notice during its lifetime but is often considered the big bang from which most alternative rock sprang. As the Velvets songwriter, Reed wrote about such taboo subjects as S&M (Venus in Furs), prostitution ("There She Goes Again") and drug addiction (Im Waiting for the Man, and Heroin). As a guitarist, he made innovative use of abrasive distortion and peculiar tunings.
Reed has had a long and varied solo career. Although he scored a hit with 1972s Walk on the Wild Side, he has purposefully evaded commercial success and has released albums that have frustrated even his fans (most notably 1975s infamous Metal Machine Music, upon which he later commented that 'no one is supposed to be able to do a thing like that and survive'). Yet, for the most part, Reed has been widely admired by fans, music critics and fellow songwriters.
Reed has lived in New York City for most of his life and much of his music evokes the city.
Career
Reed was a fan of rock and rhythm and blues, playing in several high school rock bands, and had recorded a doo wop-style single as a member of The Shades. Reed attended Syracuse University where he met poet Delmore Schwartz, whom Reed credits for his simple poetic vernacular and the encouragement to become a writer. Reed also developed a taste for free jazz and experimental music. Reed said later his goals were "to bring the sensitivities of the novel to rock music," or to write the Great American Novel in a record album. Reed attended Syracuse University for less than two years before dropping out.
Reed moved to New York City, working as a songwriter for Pickwick Records where he came up with a parody of then-popular dances, called "The Ostrich". The song had hit record potential, and Reed met John Cale when Cale joined a band put together around Reed, called the Primitives, to promote the recording. Reed also played Cale a handful of songs (including "Heroin") Reed assured him "they'll never publish." Cale thought otherwise, and they became collaborators.
This bond served as the basis for The Velvet Underground where Lou was lead guitarist/vocalist/lyricist. In "The Ostrich", Lou tuned each guitar string to one note. Cale remarked at how genius this idea was for creating a droning effect. Lou in fact saw this used prior and simply copied the idea. It was used in the VU song "All Tomorrow's Parties". Though internally unstable (breaking up in 1970) and never commercially viable, the V.U.'s reputation as one of the most influential underground bands has remained intact.
In 1972 Reed, now a solo artist, released the career-making glam rock album Transformer, produced by David Bowie and Mick Ronson, and the album that introduced Reed to mainstream pop audiences around the world. The hit single from the album, "Walk on the Wild Side", a wry and graphic salute to the misfits, male hustlers and transvestites at Andy Warhol's Factory, rapidly became Reed's signature tune.
The stately, elegiac "Perfect Day" features a superb string arrangement by Mick Ronson which was lauded by Reed in the Transformer episode of the BBC's "Classic Albums" series. The song was later included on the soundtrack to Trainspotting and used in an extensive promotional campaign by the BBC. In his chosen material Reed followed, and updated, such authors as Allen Ginsberg and Jean Genet.
He followed this with the much darker Berlin, which tells something like a love story of two junkies in the city of the same name. This, one of the more depressing albums ever made, includes "Caroline Says II" (violence), "The Kids" (prostitution and drug addiction), "The Bed" (suicide) and, unsurprisingly, "Sad Song."
Reed's persona and image were also far advanced. He preferred black leather, cropped his hair and dyed it blonde (and even silver) and dressed in S&M-like gear even in the hippie-infested 1960s. For many years Reed affected a deliberately 'camp' manner and image, sometimes colloquaially referred to as his "junkie fag" look.
Understandably frustrated and bored by the tiresome and vacuous questions of the press, Reed's idiosyncratic media persona solidified during this period. His style was no doubt influenced to some extent by Bob Dylan's famously provocative approach to press conferences and interviews (cf D.A. Pennebaker's Don't Look Back), and Reed rapidly became known in the Seventies as one of the most difficult of all rock personalities to interview (a reputation he has maintained). Recently rediscovered footage of Reed's legendary 1974 Sydney press conference shows Reed at his sarcastic best.
In 1975, he produced a daring double studio album of pure guitar feedback Metal Machine Music. Some regarded it as an attempt to break his record company contract, although Reed has stated on several occasions that the album was a genuine artistic effort. The rock journalist Lester Bangs declared it genius, but the album was reportedly returned to stores by the thousands by fans. Though admitting that the liner notes' list of instruments used is fictitious and parodistic, Reed maintains that MMM was and is a serious album. His albums of the late 1970s are often regarded as a mixed affair by rock critics, owing at least partly to the addictions that were then overtaking Reed, although some of his work from this period (including his excellent late '70s LP Street Hassle) is long overdue for critical reassessment.
He married Sylvia Morales (later divorced). Reed fired an angry salvo at his hometown's political problems on the hit album New York, denouncing crime, high rents, Jesse Jackson, even Pope John Paul II and Kurt Waldheim. When one-time Velvet Underground patron and producer Andy Warhol died after a routine surgery, Reed ended a 25-year estrangement to collaborate with fellow ex-V.U. John Cale on Songs for Drella, a Warhol biography in minimalist pop music, which Reed and Cale first performed as a duo stage performance in New York; the songs were subsequently recorded in the studio and released on CD.
Ranking among Reed's very best work, Songs For Drella is touchingly affectionate and painfully confessional, often witty, but Reed's vocals blister and his anger is palpable when he sings of alleged medical errors and the 1968 assassination attempt on Warhol by Valerie Solanas.
In 1990, after a 20 year hiatus, the Velvet Underground played again at a Cartier benefit in France - performing 'Heroin" to a stunned crowd of 500 fans. In 1993, the band reunited and performed throughout Europe, but plans for a North American tour were scrapped due after another (and presumably irrevocable) falling out between Reed and Cale. Cale has since been quoted as saying that he could not understand how Reed who could write such tender and heartfelt songs, and yet "could be the complete opposite as a human being".
Reed continued on those dark notes with Magic and Loss, an album about mortality, inspired by the death of a close friend. In 1997 over thirty artists covered "Perfect Day" for the BBC's "Children in Need" appeal. Incorrect reports of his death were broadcast by numerous US radio stations in 2001, caused by a hoax email (purporting to be from Reuters) which said he had died of an overdose. In 2003, he released a 2-CD set, The Raven, based on the works of Edgar Allan Poe. In 2004, a Groovefinder remix of his song, "Satellite of Love" (called "Satellite of Love '04") was released. It reached #10 in the UK singles chart.
In 1996, he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.
He has been in a relationship with the artist Laurie Anderson for several years.
Discography
With The Velvet Underground
For full discography, please see the Velvet Underground article.
*The Velvet Underground and Nico (1967)
*White Light/White Heat (1968)
*The Velvet Underground (1969)
*Loaded (1970)
*Live at Max's Kansas City (1972, recorded 1970)
*1969: The Velvet Underground Live (1974, recorded 1969)
*VU (1985, recorded 1968-1969)
*Another View (1986, recorded 1967-1969)
*Live MCMXCIII (1993)
*Peel Slowly and See (1995 box set, recorded 1965-1970)
*Bootleg Series Volume 1: The Quine Tapes (2001, recorded live 1969)
*The Very Best of the Velvet Underground (2003, recorded 1966-1970)
Solo
Studio albums
*Lou Reed (1972)
*Transformer (1972)
*Berlin (1973)
*Sally Can't Dance (1974)
*Metal Machine Music (1975)
*Coney Island Baby (1976)
*Rock 'n' Roll Heart (1976)
*Street Hassle (1978)
*The Bells (1979)
*Growing Up in Public (1980)
*The Blue Mask (1982)
*Legendary Hearts (1983)
*New Sensations (1984)
*Mistrial (1986)
*New York (1989)
*Magic and Loss (1992)
*Set the Twilight Reeling (1996)
*Ecstacy (2000)
*The Raven (2003)
Live albums
*Rock 'n' Roll Animal (1974)
*Lou Reed Live (1975)
*Live: Take No Prisoners (1978)
*Live in Italy (1984)
*Live in Concert (1997)
*Perfect Night: Live in London (1998)
*American Poet (2001)
*Extended Versions (2003)
*Animal Serenade (2004)
Collaborations
*Songs for Drella with John Cale (1990)
*Le Bataclan '72 with John Cale & Nico (2004)
Appears on
*Sweet Relief: A Benefit For Victoria Williams (1993)
*The 30th Anniversary Concert Celebration, Bob Dylan (1993)
*Bright Red, Laurie Anderson (1994)
*Till The Night Is Gone: A Tribute To Doc Pomus (1995)
*September Songs (The Music Of Kurt Weill) (1997)
*Rockin' on Broadway (The Time/Brent/Shad Story) (2000, includes first recordings with The Jades [1958] and solo [1962])
*And All That Could Have Been (Nine Inch Nails tour documentary) [2002] (Uncredited)
*I'm a Bird Now, Antony & the Johnsons (2005)
*Black Building, Kashmir (2005)
Singles
| 'Year' | 'Title' | 'Chart positions' | 'Album' | | US Hot 100 | US Modern Rock | US Mainstream Rock | UK | | 1989 | "Dirty Blvd." | - | #'1' (4 weeks) | - | - | New York | | 1989 | "Busload of Faith" | - | #11 | - | - | New York | | 1990 | "Nobody But You" (with John Cale) | - | #13 | - | - | Songs for Drella |
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